The Institutional Era
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In the nineteenth century population and cities were growing, and the industrial era was in full swing. |
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Children became a valuable source of cheap labor. They worked long hours and had no time for a good education or family closeness. |
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Parents saw child labor as income-producing opportunities. Many children were forced into the streets by abandonment because their families were unable to support them. |
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Immigrant families became victims of the cities, living in poorly formed ghettos. |
The House of Refuge The Chicago Reform School
